• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL2006281A
    申请号:NL2006281
    申请日:2011-02-23
    公开日:2011-08-25
    发明作者:Frank Baumann；Wolfgang Friede；Uwe Limbeck
    申请人:Bosch Gmbh Robert；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    VO P93993NL00
    Title: Fuel cell system with a reformer in an improved device
    The present invention relates to a fuel cell system which has at least one SOFC fuel cell in a tubular embodiment, wherein at least one reformer is provided for making available a reducing agent required for the use of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is in particular formed by a tubular electrolyte body or an anode or cathode substrate body.
    State of the art
    Fuel cell systems of the type of interest here exhibit SOFC fuel cells, wherein SOFC describes a fuel cell with a ceramic electrolyte (SOFC = Solid Oxide Fuel Cell), and wherein the fuel cell is tubular, the tubular shape not limited to round cross sections and only a describes a longitudinal extension, which may be either closed or open at the end, so that the reducing agent can be passed through the fuel cell. An anode material is arranged on the inside of the fuel cell, which can interact with the reducing agent. On the outside, separated from the anode material by the ceramic electrolyte, the fuel cell has a cathode material that is purged with oxygen, preferably air. Each of the three layers (anode material, electrolyte or cathode material) or another temperature-resistant gas-permeable material can be designed as a support material and guarantee mechanical stability, the other two layers being applied as thin layers.
    Because of their ability to reduce CO2 emissions for making electricity and heat available, the power-to-heat coupling plays an increasingly important role in the energy market. Fuel cell devices based on ceramic cells are known which operate at high temperatures of 650 ° C to 1000 ° C, whereby very high electrical efficiency can be achieved. Fuel cell systems consist of one or preferably several fuel cells, in which methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, generating electricity and heat. Natural gas or another fuel such as, for example, methane or kerosene is supplied on the anode side, which is wholly or partly converted into hydrogen by catalytic preforming, depending on the system concept. The reformer serves this purpose, the reforming process preferably being endothermic and, as a result, capable of operating only through energy supply. For reforming, which is preferably in the form of vapor reforming, the fuel gas must, if necessary, be mixed with water vapor in the fuel cell device prior to entering a preformer.
    Tubular and thus pipe-shaped fuel cells with differently shaped cross sections, can be distinguished from flat fuel cells that are mounted in the form of a stack and are therefore built by a plurality of function layers stacked together. The shape of the tubular fuel cell is the criterion for delimiting flat fuel cells, the tubular shape being determined by the electrolyte body or the body of anode and cathode substrate. The tubular fuel cells are usually mounted on the base body, over which both the fuel gas supply and the discharge of the combustion gas are carried out.
    Furthermore, two-sided open fuel cells are distinguished from fuel cells which have a closed end. In the latter type, the fuel gas or hydrogen is introduced into the fuel cell via a lance.
    The seals required between the base body and the fuel cell or, for example, between the lance and the base body are an essential point of weakness of fuel cell systems. The seals separate the air side from the fuel gas side, the active materials required for the seal having to be high-temperature-resistant. Temperatures of up to 1000 ° C require glass seals, which, however, can fail due to very long operating times due to thermo-mechanical stresses.
    A fuel cell system is known from DE 10 2007 015 079 A1, in which it is proposed that the reformer be arranged such that the heat dissipation after the fuel cell process of the chemical-electrical energy conversion is made available such that the heat for reforming is provided to the reformer can be provided. The integration of the heat dissipation for reforming or gasification to make hydrogen available or the integration of reforming or gasification itself, including the heat transfer in an SOFC stack and the integration of the heat dissipation, for example to an evaporator for the providing vapor for the reforming reaction in a SOFC stack must be structurally distributed over the stack in such a way that a somewhat uniform temperature distribution is achieved and that these components form a compact structure to which the countercurrent heat exchanger for heating the air and of the fuel and the cooling of the combustion gas from the anode and the cathode with their hot ends to this block. Shown is the advantageous arrangement of the reformer for a flat fuel cell, the reformer being integrated in the fuel cell stack, so that the process heat can heat the reformer. However, the advantageous arrangement of the reformer is limited to flat fuel cells.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system with at least one tubular SOFC fuel cell in which the reformer is arranged so advantageously that the process heat of the energy conversion in the fuel cell can be used for heat input into the reformer. In particular, an object of the present invention is to create an advantageous temperature distribution in the fuel cell, in particular to create a fuel cell system that exhibits a minimal thermal load on necessary seals and exhibits a minimal temperature gradient across the cell plane.
    An object is solved starting from a fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 1 together with the characterizing measures. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.
    Disclosure of the invention
    The invention includes the technical teaching that the reformer is arranged in the tubular fuel cell.
    The invention thereby departs from the idea of arranging the reformer directly in the hot area within the tubular fuel cell, so that the process heat of the fuel cell system can act directly on the reformer to effect or support the endothermic reform reaction. The fuel cell has a tubular, mainly tubular shape, so that the reformer according to the present invention is adapted to the tubular shape of the fuel cell, for example that the reformer is in the form of a slender cylinder. This can advantageously be arranged in the fuel cell in such a way that a hot combustion gas created by the fuel cell process flows around the reformer such that a heat transfer of hot combustion gas can take place in the reformer.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell can be designed as a body closed on one side, wherein a lance is provided which extends through the tubular cells and wherein the reformer is arranged in the lance. The lance forms a pipe-shaped structure which extends substantially over the entire length through the fuel cell. The reducing agent is led through the lance to the closed end of the fuel cell so that it exits there from the lance. The reducing agent then flows back through the annular gap between the lance and the fuel cell. The reducing agent herein flushes an anode arranged in the inside of the fuel cell, while simultaneously a cathode arranged on the outside of the fuel cell is flushed with air. The reducing agent herein discloses a mixture of, inter alia, methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is at least partially converted into water and carbon dioxide by the fuel cell process, which leaves the fuel cell as a hot combustion gas. Since the hot combustion gas surrounds large areas of the lance mantle-shaped, the heat of the hot combustion gas can heat the reformer. Moreover, the device in the interior of the cell transfers heat to the reformer through the radiation from the fuel cell.
    Furthermore, there is a further possible embodiment. The gas can flow in reverse, so past the anode and back through the lance. In this case, the reformer is arranged between the fuel cell tube and the lance. The heat transfer takes place from the lance to the reformer, if necessary via ribs connected to the lance and coated with a reforming catalyst or surrounded by a reforming catalyst. This also allows the gas flowing back to the basic body to be cooled.
    According to a further advantageous embodiment, a base body is provided, on which the at least one preferably closed fuel cell with the lance located therein is arranged, the reformer being arranged in an area of the lance adjacent to the base body. The lance is thereby embodied such that a heat transfer through the wall of the lance is possible. If the reducing agent and the combustion gas formed by the fuel cell process surround the lance mantle-shaped, then the fuel cell exhibits the highest temperatures in approximately the area of mechanical incorporation on the base body. If the reformer is arranged in this area, a cooling effect is created by the endothermic reform reaction in the reformer, so that a uniform temperature distribution and as a result a lower thermal load of the seals between the fuel cell and the basic body and between the lance and the basic body is made possible. If the seals, for example seals of a glass joint, are exposed to lower thermal loads, the service life of a fuel cell can thereby be considerably increased.
    Advantageously, a heat transfer can follow between the reducing agent passed past the anode or the combustion gas resulting therefrom and the reformer. The heat transfer herein comprises a transfer of the heat from the outside to the inside of the preferably tubular lance, so that in particular the heat from the reducing agent or from the combustion gas can be transferred to or in the reformer. The lance can be made of a good heat-conducting material, for example of a metallic material. The lance must be able to withstand the high operating temperatures of the fuel cell, while ceramic materials which exhibit good heat-conducting properties can be used to manufacture the lance. Furthermore, the wall of the lance can be made very thin to further improve the heat input of the reducing agent or the combustion gas into the reformer.
    An anode may be provided on the inside of the fuel cell and a cathode on the outside of the fuel cell, the reducing agent or combustion gas passing past the anode circling the reformer in a mantle-shaped fashion and preferably ending in an outlet channel in the basic body. The reformer can then be arranged adjacent to the outlet channel, so that in particular the seal between the lance and the base body and furthermore the seal between the fuel cell and the base body are exposed to low temperatures, since an endothermic reaction takes place in the reformer, so that cooling effect. The outlet channel can be arranged adjacent to the supply channel in the basic body, so that the reducing agent is supplied through the supply channel to the fuel cell, wherein the combustion gas released from the fuel cell can be discharged through the outlet channel. When the outlet channel and the supply channel are arranged adjacent to each other in the basic body, so that, for example, the two channels are only separated by a wall, the heat from the outlet channel can pass into the supply channel. This results in a heat transfer through the wall in the basic body of the combustion gas, which flows through the outlet channel, to the fuel gas, which can be, for example, methane or methanol and is fed to the reformer. To improve the heat transfer, the wall can be designed according to the type of a heat exchange wall, for example with enlarged heat transfer surfaces. Therefore, the wall of the lance can advantageously be designed according to the type of a heat exchange wall.
    Subsequently, the outlet channel and the supply channel can always be used as a liquid line formation, for example in the form of meander-shaped or row-shaped cooling hoses, which are arranged adjacent to each other to further optimize the heat transfer from combustion gas to the fuel gas.
    According to a still further advantage, the reformer can be carried out with a regionally different reforming activity, which is gradually adjusted in the flow direction of the fuel gas, preferably such that the reforming activity increases from the inflow side of the reformer to the outflow side. In this way, despite the changing gas composition, a uniform reforming can be created over the area, over which the reformer, which is arranged lengthwise and preferably arranged in the lance, extends.
    If the fuel gas is not completely converted in the preformer into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, for example when methane reaches the anode of the fuel cell and is reformed here, this is called internal reforming. In contrast to an exothermic electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell, which takes place distributed over the entire cell plane, the endothermic internal reforming takes place mainly in the vicinity of the approach side of the anode. As a result, the fuel cell on the inflow side of the anode becomes colder than on the inflow side of the anode. Due to the efficient gradual execution of the reforming activity, it can be ensured in a further advantageous manner that a constant temperature is set over the entire length of the fuel cell. This leads to a more even distribution of the electrochemical reaction over the cell and thus to a better utilization of the surface as well as a lower load with thermo-mechanical stresses. Since internal reforming at the anode is strongest where the gas hits the anode, it may make sense to reduce the reforming activity from the inflow side of the reformer to the drain side.
    Preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention
    Further measures which improve the invention will be explained in more detail below with the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to a single figure. It is noted that the figure is only a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the invention which is described by way of a non-limitative exemplary embodiment. The figure shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a fuel cell system with the features of the present invention.
    The figure shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a fuel cell system 1 according to the present invention. The fuel cell system 1 is embodied as an example with a fuel cell, which is shown in the form of an electrolyte body 10 arranged on a basic body 27. In principle, a plurality of fuel cells can be designed, for example, with electrolyte bodies 10 arranged parallel to each other and arranged in common on the base body 27.
    The electrolyte body 10 is in the form of an electrolyte body 10 closed at one end, so that a reducing agent 12, in particular hydrogen, is delivered over a lance 15 into the electrolyte body 10. The reducing agent 12 flows through the lance 15 and exits at an end thereof. Thereafter, the reducing agent 12 overflows the lance 15 in the form of a jacket and then flushes the inside of the electrolyte body 10. This is provided with an anode 16, so that the reducing agent 12 can interact with the anode 16. On the outside, the electrolyte body 10 and cathode 17 are arranged so that through an air line 26 the cathode 17 can interact with oxygen from the air.
    The fuel cell shown is designed as an example only with an electrolyte body 10 closed at one end, so that it can also be formed as an electrolyte body opened on two sides, the reducing means 12 entering on a first side and exiting again on a second side in the form of a combustion gas . According to the present exemplary embodiment, the inflow of the fuel gas 13 and the discharge of the combustion gas 24 are carried out via the basic body 27, which has corresponding channels. The inflow of the fuel gas 13 is shown by a first arrow, the discharge of the combustion gas 24 being indicated by a second arrow. The fuel gas 13 is still at least mixed with water vapor to enable the vapor reform reaction: for methane, for example, CH4 + H2O -> CO + 3¾. A reactive mixture has now been designated as fuel gas 13.
    According to the invention, a reformer 11 is shown within the electrolyte body 10 and in particular within the lance 15. The reformer 11 serves to convert the fuel gas 13 into a reducing agent 12, for example for converting natural gas, methane or methanol with the aid of water vapor into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Due to the arrangement of the reformer 11 in the lance 15, the heat present in the combustion gas 24 can be delivered through the wall of the lance 15 to the reformer 11. This heat transfer is indicated by the arrows 19, the reformer 11 being arranged in the region of the lance 15 which adjoins the basic body 27. Between the lance 15 and the base body 27 and between the electrolyte body 10 and the base body 27, seals 25 are schematically indicated, which may comprise, for example, a glass joint, so that lower operating temperatures for such seals 25 are advantageous in particular with regard to their service life. The reformer converts the fuel gas 13 supplied via the supply channel 18 into a reducing agent 12, which can be referred to as hydrogen and carbon monoxide (or: hydrogen-rich gas). The reforming process is endothermic so that the heat in the combustion gas 24 is absorbed through the wall of the lance 15 according to the indicated heat transfer 19 from the reformer 11. This creates a cooling effect, so that the seals are exposed to lower temperatures.
    The supply channel 18 and the outlet channel 21 are shown schematically adjacent to each other and pass through the basic body 27. The adjacent channels of the two channels 18 and 21 separate them from each other by the wall 22. Due to the high temperature in the combustion gas 24 and the low temperature in the fuel gas 13, a heat transfer 23 from the combustion gas 24 to the fuel gas 13 can take place. Thereby it is achieved that a fuel gas 13 already enters the reformer 11 with an elevated temperature, so that in total the efficiency of the fuel cell system 1 can be further increased, whereby the heating of the fuel gas 13 can also be performed only to a limited extent in order to reduce the cooling effect not to reduce.
    The present invention is not limited in this embodiment to the above-described preferred embodiment. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which also utilize the illustrated solution in substantially different-looking embodiments. All the features and / or advantages arising from the claims, the description or the drawings, including constructional details, spatial arrangements and method steps can be of importance for the invention in itself as well as in the most diverse combinations. In particular, a fuel cell 1 with electrolyte bodies 10 opened on both sides can be provided. The reducing agent 12 thereby flows past the electrolyte body 10 without lance 15 at the anode 16. The diameter of the reformer can be adapted to the inner diameter of the electrolyte body 10, so that first the fuel gas 13 enters the tubular electrolyte body 10 and to the reducing agent 12 is converted. In order to heat the reformer 13, by means of a combustion gas return, a so-called recirculation, hot combustion gas, which also comprises water vapor as a reaction product, can be admixed to the reformer 11. In particular, in the fuel cell process no one hundred percent conversion of reducing agents 12 to the combustion gas 24 takes place. In principle, a residual component of reducing agent 12 is present in the combustion gas 24, which can again be supplied to the fuel cell process. A special advantage is achieved in any case if the reformer or at least parts thereof are arranged adjacent to the seals.
    The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown here. Many variants are possible and are understood to fall within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A fuel cell system (1) which has at least one SOFC fuel cell (10) in a tubular embodiment, wherein at least one reformer (11) is provided for making available a reducing agent (12) required for the use of the fuel cell, characterized in that the reformer (11) is arranged in the tubular fuel cell (10).
    [2]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel cell (10) is closed on one side, wherein a lance (15) is provided, which extends through the tubular fuel cell (10) and wherein the reformer (11) is arranged in the lance (15).
    [3]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that a base body (27) is provided, on which the at least one fuel cell with the lance (15) placed therein is arranged, the reformer (11) being in a region of the lance (15) is arranged adjacent to the base body (27).
    [4]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lance (15) is designed such that a heat transfer (19, 20) through the wall of the lance (15) is possible.
    [5]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat transfer (19) between the reducing agent (12) passed past the anode (16) and the combustion gas (24) produced therefrom and the reformer (13) and / or or by the radiation from the anode (16) to the reformer.
    [6]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the heat transfer (19, 20) comprises a transition of heat from the outside to the inside of the preferably tubular lance (15), so that in particular heat from the reducing agent (12), respectively from the combustion gas (24) and / or from the anode to or in the reformer (13) is transferable, the wall of the lance (15) being in particular according to the type of a heat exchange wall with a large heat transfer surface has been implemented.
    [7]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an anode (16) is arranged on the inside of the fuel cell (10) and a cathode (17) on the outside of the fuel cell (10), reducing agent (12) or combustion gas (24) passed past the anode (16) and flowing casually along the reformer (11) and preferably discharging into an outlet channel (21) in the basic body (27).
    [8]
    The fuel cell system (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the outlet channel (21) is arranged adjacent to the supply channel (18) in the base body (27), wherein a supply channel (18) and the outlet channel (21) are arranged between the supply channel (18) and the outlet channel (21). wall (22).
    [9]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the wall (22) is arranged such that a heat transfer (23) from a combustion gas (24) flowing through one of the outlet channels (21) to a fuel gas in the supply channel (18) which can be supplied to the reformer (11), in particular that the wall (22) is of the type of a heat exchange wall with an enlarged heat transfer surface.
    [10]
    Fuel cell system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reformer (11) is designed with a locally different reforming activity, which is gradually adjusted in the flow direction of the fuel gas (13), preferably such that the reforming activity of the inflow side to the outflow side of the reformer (11) increases or decreases.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB201103001D0|2011-04-06|
    GB2478188A|2011-08-31|
    NL2006281C2|2012-03-05|
    DE102010002276A1|2011-08-25|
    GB2478188B|2017-11-01|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2021-12-22| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20210301 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102010002276A|DE102010002276A1|2010-02-24|2010-02-24|Fuel cell system with a reformer in an improved arrangement|
    DE102010002276|2010-02-24|
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